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Thanaweya Amma (Arabic: ثانوية عامة ) is series of standardized tests in Egypt that lead to the General Secondary Education Certificate for public secondary schools and serves as the entrance examination for Egyptian public universities. ''Thanaweya Amma'' means 'General Secondary' in Modern Standard Arabic. In the context of Egypt's education system, it refers to the general (as opposed to technical or vocational) secondary education track, the completion exams at the end of the track, and the diploma a student earns by passing the exams. This article is about the exams. ==Overview== At the end of the final year of secondary school, students sit for comprehensive examinations for each of the 5 core subjects they took that year. The content of the exams and their relative weight in scoring depends on the students' curricular concentration, either literature, science, or science/mathematics. These scores are turned into a composite and ranked within each track. The top scores are published online.〔http://www.tansik.egypt.gov.eg/application/defaultThanwy.aspx〕 ''Thanaweya Amma'' is one of several examinations that public school students take that serves a dual purpose of completion certificate and entrance examination, determining what education pathways students will follow. Students at the end of primary school sit for the ''qabuul'' examination, which determines their admittance into general preparatory school.〔Heargraves, Eleanor. (2001). "Assessment in Egypt," in Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice. 8:2 p.254-5〕 At the end of preparatory school, students sit for the ''Adaadiya Amma'' (General Preparatory) examination which serves as the completion certificate for preparatory school.〔Heargraves, Eleanor. (2001). "Assessment in Egypt," in Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice. 8:2 p.254-5〕 High scores admit students to the General Secondary track, while low scores will track students to technical or vocational secondary school. More students enroll in technical school than general secondary school; in 2005/6 approximately 38.7% of secondary students were in the general secondary track.〔Amer, Mona. (2007) “Transition from Education to Work: Egypt Country Report,” EFT Working Document, European Training Foundation. p. 7-8〕 The ''Thanaweya Amma'' examination is taken by students who have completed the General Secondary track; students who are tracked into vocational or technical schools do not sit for the exam and have little chance of attending university.〔Heargraves, Eleanor. (2001). "Assessment in Egypt," in Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice. 8:2 p.254-5〕 ''Thanaweya Amma'' can also be taken by private school students in national curriculum schools accredited by the Ministry of Education. Additionally, private language schools can teach students the national curriculum but with certain core subjects taught in languages other than Arabic. The Ministry of Education has translated the exams to accommodate. ''Thanaweya Amma'' has historically tested acquired knowledge, though reforms beginning in the 1990s introduced aptitude assessment as well.〔Heargraves, Eleanor. (2001). "Assessment in Egypt," in Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice. 8:2 p.254-5〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thanaweya Amma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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